The shutter is a mechanical or electronic device in a camera that controls how long light reaches the sensor or film. When you press the button, it opens for a specific duration, allowing light to create an image. Understanding this mechanism is fundamental to mastering exposure and creative photography techniques.
How does it work?
It acts like a curtain that opens and closes in front of the sensor. In most DSLR cameras, it consists of two curtains (front and rear) that move vertically or horizontally. The time between the first curtain opening and the second curtain closing determines the exposure time – from fractions of a second (1/8000s) to several seconds for long exposures.
Types
Cameras use different shutter mechanisms:
- Mechanical – physical curtains that move to expose the sensor; produces the classic “click” sound
- Electronic – no moving parts; the sensor is simply turned on/off; completely silent
- Hybrid (EFCS) – hybrid approach using electronic start and mechanical end
Speed settings explained
This setting is one of the three pillars of exposure (along with aperture and ISO). Fast speeds like 1/1000s freeze motion, while slow settings like 1/30s or longer create motion blur. Common uses:
- 1/1000s or faster – sports, action, birds in flight
- 1/250s – general photography, walking people
- 1/60s – minimum handheld for most lenses
- 1/30s or slower – requires tripod, creative blur effects
- Several seconds – night photography, light trails, waterfalls
Count and lifespan
Mechanical types have a limited lifespan, typically rated for 100,000 to 500,000 actuations depending on the camera. The actuation count indicates how many photos a camera has taken – useful when buying used equipment. Electronic types have no moving parts and thus no wear limit.
Creative uses
Mastering this control opens creative possibilities:
- Long exposure – silky waterfalls, light painting, star trails
- Panning – sharp subject with blurred background showing motion
- Freezing action – water droplets, sports moments
- Motion blur – artistic effect showing movement
Frequently Asked Questions
Learn more about camera shutters on Wikipedia.
