Medium format is a term used in photography, which describes a film frame size or larger than the standard 35mm small format, but smaller than large format. It is the solution of choice for photographers who value high image quality and rich detail.
Today, medium format is found in both analogue and digital cameras.
Medium format refers to 61 mm wide film, known as 120 or 220 film. In digital photography, this means sensors that are larger than full-frame, offering better and lower noise. This makes it possible to achieve exceptional image depth.
CTypes of medium format
The most common frame sizes in medium format are 6×4.5 cm, 6×6 cm, 6×7 cm and 6×9 cm. Each offers a different aspect ratio and number of images per roll of film. The 6×6 cm format is prized for its symmetry, and the 6×7 cm for its proportions similar to 8×10 inch prints.
In digital cameras, medium format comes in a variety of sensor sizes. The most common are 44×33 mm and 53.4×40 mm. A larger matrix translates into more recorded detail and better exposure control. Professionals often choose the full 53.4×40 mm medium format for commercial work.
Medium format applications
Medium format is used in fashion, advertising, landscape and still life photography. Thanks to the larger frame or matrix area, photographs have exceptional image plasticity. In photographic studios, it is often used for shoots where every detail counts.
The medium format allows a huge amount of detail and subtle tonal transitions to be captured. Photographers also appreciate the ability to print large-format images without sacrificing quality. Packshot photography is indispensable for presenting details.
3 common errors when working with medium format
- Lack of camera stabilisation
- Incorrect focus
- Too little light
Medium format requires more precision in camera positioning. Lack or monopod can result in shaky images. Stabilisation is crucial to exploit the full potential of a larger sensor or film frame.
Sharpness in medium format is more critical than in smaller formats. A slight misalignment of the focus point can be visible in the image. It is therefore advisable to use the magnifier in the viewfinder or the zoom function on digital cameras.
Due to the smaller aperture, working in low light requires the use of a tripod or additional lighting. Medium format works best under good lighting conditions or in a controlled studio.
7 tried and tested ways to get better medium format photos
- Use a tripod
- Use low ISO sensitivities
- Plan your shots in advance
- Take advantage of the full tonal range
- Ensure precise focus
- Adjust aperture for effect
- Consider shooting on film
The tripod allows you to make the most of the image quality, eliminating blur. Low ISO ensures minimal noise and maximum image detail. Planning your frames before shooting avoids compositional errors.
SMedium format offers a wide tonal range, so it’s a good idea to set your exposure to preserve detail in highlights and shadows. Precise focusing is the key to sharp images, especially at large apertures.
The choice of aperture affects the depth of field and the visual effect of the photo. Shooting on film can add a unique character and colour to photographs that is difficult to achieve in digital processing.
Medium format camera prices
Prices for medium-format cameras vary depending on the technology and manufacturer. Digital medium-format cameras start at around £20,000 for models such as the Fujifilm GFX 50R and go up to over £200,000 for Phase One systems.
Cameras can be bought from as little as £1,500 for older models, such as the Bronica ETRS, to several thousand for the iconic Hasselblads in excellent condition. It is worth bearing in mind the running costs, such as film and development.
There are many second-hand cameras available on the second-hand market in good condition. Buying used equipment can be a good way to get started with medium format without a large investment.
Practical tips for beginners
Beginners are advised to start with the 6×4.5 cm or 6×6 cm format, which are easier to handle. The simpler handling allows you to focus on composition and exposure rather than the complicated mechanics of the camera.
It is worth investing in a good tripod and light box. This will help you avoid problems with exposure and moving pictures. Regular practice in different lighting conditions will help you master your technique faster.
It is also a good idea to shoot in manual mode, to better understand the relationship between time, aperture and ISO. Conscious settings are the key to repeatable and high-quality results.
FAQ
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Why is medium format better than 35mm?
Medium format offers superior image quality, larger sensor size, and higher resolution compared to 35mm. The bigger sensor allows for more detailed and sharper images with better dynamic range and low-light performance.
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Is 120 film medium format?
Yes, 120 film is a classic medium format film size used in photography. It is wider than 35mm film and provides larger negative or positive film area, resulting in higher image quality and more detail.
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Is medium format 4:3?
Medium format cameras can have various aspect ratios, including 4:3, 6:6 (square), and 6:7. The aspect ratio depends on the specific camera model and film back used in medium format photography.
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Is medium format better than full-frame quality?
Medium format typically offers superior image quality with larger sensors, more megapixels, and better color depth compared to full-frame cameras. However, the difference depends on specific camera models and intended photographic use.
