What Is a Symmetrical Balance
A symmetrical balance is an arrangement of elements in a work of art, photograph or drawing that is characterised by balance and even distribution. Symmetry makes the image harmonised and aesthetically pleasing to the eye.
There are different types of symmetry, including axial, radial and mirror symmetry. In axial symmetry, the elements are spaced relative to a single axis, in radial symmetry they radiate out from a central point and in mirror symmetry they are reflected relative to a vertical or horizontal axis.
History and Application of Symmetrical Composition in Art and Photography
Symmetrical balance has a long history, dating back to ancient times. In ancient Egypt, symmetry was used to create harmonious and orderly compositions, as seen in monumental buildings such as the pyramids. In the Renaissance, artists such as Leonardo da Vinci used symmetry to achieve perfection in their works, as can be seen in The Last Supper.
Nowadays, symmetric composition is widely used in photography, where it helps to create images with high visual impact. Photographers often use symmetry to draw the viewer’s eye to the focal point of the frame or to create a mirror effect that enhances the impression of depth and space.
Symmetrical Balance Examples
- Architecture – Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris is an excellent example of the use of symmetry in architecture. Its façade is balanced and harmonious, which draws the eye and emphasises the majesty of the building.
- Photography – photographs depicting reflections in water often use a symmetrical composition, creating a mirror effect. An example is a photograph of a lake in the mountains, where the horizon line divides the image into two equal parts.
- Art – Leonardo da Vinci’s ‘Lady with an Ermine’ is an example of symmetry in art. The figure is centrally placed and its symmetrical positioning with respect to the axis of the painting draws the viewer’s attention and emphasises the elegance of the composition.
Advantages of Using a Symmetrical Balance
The symmetrical balance has many advantages. First and foremost, it brings order and harmony to the image, making it more accessible and understandable to the viewer. Symmetry can also emphasise balance and calm, which is particularly desirable in landscape and architectural photography.
Symmetry also allows the viewer’s attention to be effectively directed to the focal point of the image, which can be useful in portrait photography, where the central positioning of the model’s face enhances expression and character. Additionally, symmetrical balance are often used in advertising, where an aesthetically pleasing and orderly image draws the eye and increases the effectiveness of the message.
When choosing an asymmetrical composition, place the most important element at the intersection of the tripartite lines to add dynamism and attract the viewer’s attention.
Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Balance
Symmetrical and asymmetrical balance are two basic types of arrangement that have a significant impact on the perception of an image. Symmetry is characterised by an even distribution of elements in relation to the axis, which introduces harmony and order. Asymmetry, on the other hand, involves the deliberate breaking of balance in a composition, which often introduces dynamism and movement.
Symmetry is often used to emphasise calmness and stability. Examples include photography of buildings or bridges, where the even distribution of elements reinforces a sense of solidity and permanence. Asymmetry, on the other hand, is used to create more dynamic and interesting compositions.
Let’s break the standards and use the example of a photograph of tennis players, which, despite capturing an undoubtedly dynamic sport, has a certain calmness about it, doesn’t it?
When to Use a Symmetrical Balance and When to Use non symmetrical balance
The choice between symmetrical and non symmetrical balance depends on the effect you want to achieve. Symmetry is worth using when you want an elegant and classic look. It is particularly effective in architectural photography, where even arrangements of building elements emphasise the structure and proportions of the building. Also in portraits, symmetry can help to emphasise facial features, giving the photo a formal feel.
Asymmetry is worth using when you want to introduce an element of surprise or movement into an image. In street or documentary photography, asymmetrical frames can add authenticity and spontaneity. An example is a photograph of a crowd in the street, where the asymmetrical positioning of the figures emphasises the chaos and dynamics of everyday life.
The example above is a renewed attempt to break convention and seek artistic expression. It is important to know the rules in order to be able to break them consciously and not out of ignorance.
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The Effect of Both Types of Composition on the Perception of a Photograph
The effect of symmetrical and non symmetrical balance on the perception of a photograph is significant. Symmetrical balance are often perceived as more calm and orderly. They allow an easier focus on the focal point of the image, which can be particularly useful in product photography where the main aim is to highlight a particular object.
Non symmetric balance, on the other hand, engage the viewer in a variety of ways, forcing them to think about the arrangement of elements and search for hidden relationships between them. This approach can increase interest in an image and encourage longer viewing.
Symmetry and asymmetry can also influence the emotional reception of a photograph. Symmetry is often associated with harmony and tranquillity, which can have a calming effect on the viewer. Asymmetry, on the other hand, introduces an element of tension and uncertainty, which can arouse stronger emotions and interest.
Symmetrical Balance in Photography
Symmetrical balance in photography is one of the simplest yet most effective ways to create attractive photographs. , who want to use symmetry, should pay attention to a few key techniques and principles that will help them achieve the desired effect.
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The Use of Axial Symmetry
Axial symmetry is the most common form of symmetry in photography. It involves the even distribution of elements on either side of a vertical or horizontal axis. A good example is architectural photography, where buildings or their facades can form perfectly symmetrical compositions.
To achieve the effect of axial symmetry, the photographer should:
- Position the camera centrally relative to the subject so that the vertical and horizontal axes run through the centre of the frame.
- Use the camera’s grid function to precisely control the composition.
- Use a tripod to avoid unintentional shifts and maintain perfect symmetry.
- Correct the frame if the above two have not been achieved on camera.
Using Reflections in Water
Reflections in water are a great example of natural symmetry that can add drama and depth to landscape photographs. When photographing lakes, rivers or puddles, you can create a mirror effect that doubles the image and creates visually appealing compositions.
Practical tips:
- Photographing on calm days when the water surface is smooth and reflects the image like a mirror.
- Choosing locations with interesting architecture or landscapes that look equally attractive both above and below (!) the water surface.
- Positioning the camera low above the water to increase the reflective effect and enhance the impression of symmetry.
Symmetry in Portrait Photography
In portrait photography, symmetry can be used to emphasise the harmony and balance of the model’s face. Central positioning of the model in the frame with even lighting on both sides of the face can add elegance and formality to a photograph.
To achieve symmetry in a portrait, you should:
- Place the model centrally in the frame, with an even background on both sides.
- Ensure that both sides of the face are evenly lit.
- Use props and backgrounds that emphasise symmetry, such as doors, windows or columns.
Symmetrical Composition in Landscape Photography
Symmetry in landscape photography can be achieved by placing the horizon centrally in the frame. This approach can emphasise the beauty of the landscape and bring tranquillity to the image. Photographers can also use elements such as trees, roads, mountains or buildings to create symmetrical arrangements.
Examples of application:
- Central positioning of the horizon in landscape photographs to create a balance between sky and ground.
- Use of leading lines such as roads, rivers or paths to introduce symmetry and guide the viewer’s eye through the image.
- Photographing symmetrical elements of nature, such as reflections of mountains in a lake, to create a mirror effect.
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Symmetrical Balance Drawing
How to Use Symmetric Composition in Drawing
Symmetrical composition in drawing is a technique that involves the even distribution of elements around an axis of symmetry. This can be a vertical axis, a horizontal axis or a central point around which all elements are balanced. The use of symmetry in drawing helps to create harmonious and aesthetically appealing compositions.
Techniques for Creating Symmetrical Drawings
Drawing using the axis of symmetry
- Divide the paper into two equal parts using a line to serve as the axis of symmetry.
- Start drawing on one side of the axis and then reproduce the same elements on the other side, taking care to maintain proportions and shapes.
Using tracing paper
- Once you have drawn one side of the composition, use tracing paper to transfer the drawing to the other side of the axis of symmetry.
- This will give you an accurate mirror image, allowing you to maintain perfect symmetry.
Radial symmetry
- In radial symmetry, elements are arranged around a central point, radially.
- An example would be a mandala, where patterns and shapes are repeated around a central point, creating a harmonious whole.
The Influence of Symmetrical Composition on the Perception of a Drawing
Symmetrical composition in a drawing influences the way it is perceived by the viewer. Symmetry introduces a sense of order and balance, making the drawing more comprehensible and enjoyable to look at. Symmetrical drawings often evoke a feeling of calm and stability, which can be desirable in works with meditative or decorative themes.
Examples of Symmetrical Composition in Drawing
- Mandalas are an excellent example of the use of radial symmetry. They consist of repeating patterns and shapes that extend radially from a central point. Mandalas are used in various cultures as spiritual and meditative symbols.
- Portraits, where symmetry can help to emphasise the harmony and proportion of the face. When drawing a portrait, the artist often starts with the axis of symmetry to ensure that both sides of the face are equally spaced and balanced.
- Technical drawings such as architectural or mechanical plans where symmetry is crucial for precision and functionality. Symmetrical layouts help to better understand the structure and function of the objects being designed.
Practical Tips for Artists
- Use auxiliary lines and grids to more easily maintain symmetry when drawing.
- Check proportions frequently to ensure that elements on both sides of the axis are evenly spaced.
- Practice drawing mirror images to train your eye and hand to create symmetrical compositions.
For perfect symmetry, use tracing paper to transfer drawing elements to the other side of the symmetry axis.
Symmetrical Composition in Examples
Symmetrical composition is commonly used in both art and photography to create visually appealing and harmonious images. Here are some well-known examples that illustrate its use and effects.
The 3 Most Popular Symmetrical Balance
- Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa is an excellent example of symmetrical composition in painting. The figure is centrally positioned and her face and arms form a balanced, harmonious composition. The Mona Lisa’s eyes are almost level with the horizontal line, which draws the viewer’s attention and emphasises the subtlety of the expression.
- The Parthenon in Athens is an example of symmetry in architecture. Built on a rectangular plan, with evenly spaced columns, it creates a perfectly balanced and harmonious whole. The Parthenon’s symmetrical design symbolises perfection and proportionality, making it one of the most important monuments of ancient Greece.
- Architectural photography: the Taj Mahal in India is one of the most famous examples of symmetry in architecture. Photographs of this mausoleum often exploit its perfect symmetry, emphasising the centrally placed building and its reflection in the water. Such shots create a mirror effect, reinforcing the impression of tranquillity and harmony.
Symmetry in Nature
Symmetry is also commonly found in nature, which inspires artists and photographers to create balanced and harmonious compositions. Examples include butterflies, whose wings are almost identical on both sides of their bodies, creating a perfect example of biological symmetry.
Examples:
- Themonarch butterfly and its wings, which are symmetrically placed with respect to the body axis, creating a harmonious and aesthetically pleasing whole.
- Flowers such as orchids have symmetrical petal arrangements, making them attractive to both insects and the human eye.
When photographing symmetrical subjects in nature, try to place their axis of symmetry centrally in the frame to enhance the effect of harmony and balance.
Symmetrical Balance Examples in Nature
Symmetry is commonly found in nature and is often a source of inspiration for artists and photographers. Examples of symmetry in nature are many and varied, from butterfly wings to crystal structures and flower shapes. Observing and capturing these natural patterns can lead to unique and harmonious compositions.
- Butterflies are excellent examples of symmetry. One example is the monarch butterfly, whose wings are almost identical on both sides of its body. Such symmetry is not only aesthetically appealing, but also has an adaptive function, helping with camouflage and deterring predators.
- Flowers exhibit radial symmetry, where the petals are evenly distributed around a central point. An example is the daisy, whose petals form a perfectly symmetrical arrangement. Symmetry in flowers is crucial for attracting pollinators, such as bees, which are attracted by regular and predictable patterns.
- The leaves of many plants are also symmetrical, which helps in the efficient collection of sunlight and the process of photosynthesis. An example is the maple leaf, which is symmetrical about its vertical axis. This symmetry ensures an even distribution of chlorophyll and efficient use of solar energy.
In the art of capturing remarkable visuals, understanding the principles of composition is critical. The notion of symmetrical balance plays a prominent role in yielding images that convey stability and tranquility, evident in many iconic symmetrical balance in photography examples. This technique, referred to as symmetric composition, hinges upon mirroring elements across a central axis, fostering a sense of equilibrium and ease that often draws viewers into the photograph. It’s not uncommon, however, for photographers to push creative boundaries by exploring the realms of non-symmetrical balance, fashioning frames that intrigue with their asymmetry and unique distribution of visual weight. By thoughtfully applying these compositional concepts, photographers can steer the viewer’s experience, crafting either a serene tableau with symmetrical harmony or an energetic scene that thrives on the unexpected juxtapositions of non-uniform elements.
